The effect of artisanal mining on groundwater quality in Akoko-Edo Local Government Area, Edo State
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Background of the Study
Artisanal mining, often characterized by small-scale, informal operations, plays a significant economic role in many developing regions. In Akoko-Edo Local Government Area, Edo State, artisanal mining activities have raised concerns regarding groundwater quality. The unregulated extraction processes frequently lead to the discharge of toxic substances, heavy metals, and sediment into water bodies (Ogunleye, 2023). Groundwater, a primary source of water for local communities, is increasingly vulnerable to contamination, thereby affecting human health and agricultural productivity (Adebayo, 2024). In recent years, studies have shown that the lack of environmental oversight in artisanal mining significantly compromises water quality and ecosystem integrity (Eke, 2025). This research investigates the direct correlation between artisanal mining practices and the deterioration of groundwater quality in Akoko-Edo. By combining laboratory analyses with community surveys, the study aims to quantify pollutant levels, assess the risks posed to local populations, and propose regulatory and remediation strategies to safeguard water resources (Ogunleye, 2023).
Statement of the Problem
Artisanal mining in Akoko-Edo has led to the contamination of groundwater with harmful pollutants, posing significant health and environmental risks. The absence of proper regulation and monitoring exacerbates the issue, leaving local communities exposed to toxic substances (Adebayo, 2024). This study seeks to identify the key sources of groundwater contamination from artisanal mining and evaluate the impact on water quality. Addressing these issues is crucial for ensuring safe water supply and environmental protection (Eke, 2025).
Objectives of the Study:
To assess groundwater quality in areas affected by artisanal mining.
To identify contaminants associated with mining activities.
To recommend regulatory and remediation strategies.
Research Questions:
What is the extent of groundwater contamination in Akoko-Edo?
Which contaminants are primarily associated with artisanal mining?
What measures can mitigate the negative impacts on water quality?
Research Hypotheses:
H1: Artisanal mining significantly deteriorates groundwater quality in the study area.
H2: Heavy metals from mining activities are the primary contaminants.
H3: Effective regulation can improve groundwater quality.
Significance of the Study
This study is vital in highlighting the adverse effects of artisanal mining on groundwater quality. Its findings will support policy formulation aimed at regulating mining practices and implementing remediation measures, ensuring safe water for communities and protecting public health (Ogunleye, 2023; Eke, 2025).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
Limited to the effect of artisanal mining on groundwater quality in Akoko-Edo Local Government Area, Edo State. The study does not examine other environmental impacts of mining.
Definitions of Terms:
Artisanal Mining: Informal mining practices carried out on a small scale.
Groundwater Quality: The chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of underground water.
Contaminants: Substances that pollute and degrade water quality.
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